Open this lesson in your favourite AI. It'll walk you through the why, explain the demo, and quiz you on the try-it list.
Microcontrollers don't run Linux — they boot in 50 ms to a single firmware image. That's what you want for HID emulation, BadUSB, RF replay, and 'always-on' radio attacks. Arduino (ATmega328P), Teensy 4.x (ARM Cortex-M7 @ 600 MHz), and especially ESP32 (Wi-Fi + BLE on a $5 chip) are the workhorses. ESP32 can run an evil-twin AP and BLE spam from a coin-cell.
ESP32 use-cases no Pi can match: BLE-spam against iOS Continuity, captive-portal evil twin on coin-cell power, sub-second WPA2 deauth from a keychain. The firmware-only constraint becomes the stealth feature.
Use these three in order. Each builds on the one before.
In one paragraph, contrast a microcontroller (ESP32) with a Linux SBC (Pi) for offensive use.
Walk me through how an ESP32 runs a captive-portal evil twin on coin-cell power.
Design a battery-powered ESP32 payload for a 7-day unattended Wi-Fi recon op.